Ahoy,
It depends upon the boat. In general the step has some sort of plate to spread the compression load and a compression post or bulkhead or very strong beam under. There are usually bolts connecting it all, likely more bolts and spread further into stouter structures than any cleat you have.
So, for the most part, a line around the mast close to deck level is about as strong a point as the boat has. That's why a line around the mast is preferred for a storm mooring or a longish tow.
But look first. There are boats, mostly light open boats but also some day sailors, where the mast, the step, or both are not up to much loading.
G'luck
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